/StructParents 6 Prior to the 2011 state income tax increase local governments received a 10.0% share of the income tax revenue. These fines would promote environmentally responsible behavior as well as create a viable revenue stream for the city. Hassan, M. M. (2011). /Type /Group / /GS7 17 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Meta81 69 0 R /XObject << x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- /Font << startxref n /1, the 3ederal 4ilitary -overnment then issued, guidelines on local governments reforms. /F1 20 0 R Tax as a financial charge, is the main source of revenue generation for any government. /F4 23 0 R endobj . wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] Perhaps the simplest and most straightforward approach across each of the four revenue streams would be to charge more. /Parent 2 0 R ZY,$85Y4$4p8 xGYX4238. Never miss an insight. /CS /DeviceRGB /Producer (iText 1.3 by lowagie.com \(based on itext-paulo-153\)) A citizens guide to the fascinating (though often complex) elements of the US tax system. >> 3.16.1 Introduction. /F6 25 0 R (&. endobj /ExtGState << endobj What is the difference between refundable and nonrefundable credits? What is the breakdown of revenues among federal, state, and local governments? Lucy Dadayan (reports are updated quarterly), Surveying State Leaders on the State of State Taxes Local government personnel can be trained to administer simple but adequate revenue generation instruments. Lucy Dadayan and Kim Rueben (2021), More Than Fines and Fees: Incorporating Equity into City Revenue Strategies Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. Strategic control and revenue generation: A critical success factor in local government using the balanced scorecard. In our experience, governments that pursue a practical approach to revenue generation can capture up to 50 percent of incremental revenues. /CS /DeviceRGB R[? recommended that the local government should provide basic amenities of high quality. What is global intangible low-taxed income and how is it taxed under the TCJA? The logic is that, in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax . Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. How are different consumption taxes related? >> /Tabs /S /Group << Local Effect: Beginning FY 2024, revenues potentially decrease for local governments that own and operate facilities that use the energy sources removed from the RPS, as discussed below. Transfers from the federal government have fluctuated considerably over the past three decades. What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? /F5 40 0 R /S /Transparency 5356 0 obj <> endobj <>>> endobj incentive from a state or local government and are encouraged to claim the Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit, a separate incentive administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service that provides a federal income tax credit for qualifying ca pital investments in a facility for which %PDF-1.5 endobj What other countries use return-free filing? Whats the difference between front-loaded and back-loaded retirement accounts? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Nchuchuwe, F. F. Local government finance in Nigeria in Olojede, I., Fajonyomi, B., & Fatile, J. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= >> >> By 2050, 68 percent of the global population will live in urban areas. /Resources << endobj 12 0 obj What tax incentives exist to help families save for education expenses? For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. /S /Transparency A., & Adewoye, J. O. 7 At the same time, most states place restrictions on local property taxation, with limits that fall into three main types: rate limits, assessment limits, and levy limits. Before cities can begin to optimize their revenues, they must first compile an inventory of existing revenue streams. << An effective assessment will analyze a given interventions technical feasibility and implementation. /Type /Page (2016). Governments should ensure that fee levels cover the costs of services being provided in the majority of cases. Chapter One of Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Nigeria has three- tiers of government systems, These are; (i) The federal government (ii) The state government and (iii) The local government. How does the tax system affect US competitiveness? CrossRef The study concludes that local government finance has a great impact on development as it is a major factor in getting adequate financial resources and has become a problem because of political inference in local government affairs. /Type /Group In so doing, they impose some taxes and rates on these economic activities as a way of generating funds for their endobj /Font << /Image8 18 0 R /ExtGState << OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. >> But presently, the level of development in rural areas since when local government authorities have been created is not encouraging. >> =s`Eu00Fu@dH*e&PtD\ \ v B#L2]\m Uhunmwuangho, S. O., & Aibieyi, S. (2013, July). /F10 61 0 R Ayodele, I. O., & Sunday, A. E. (2009). 11. What did the Presidents Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform say about the national retail sales tax? For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. /Font << What are Opportunity Zones and how do they work? Financing Local Governments: Exploiting the potential of local revenue Introduction Local governments are constitutionally empowered to control, regulate and also raise revenues from activities in their jurisdiction. To address this problem, requires proper implementation of plans directed at enhancing adequate revenue generation. A third lever is optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and minimize leakage. 2 0 obj The revenue generation is not exceptional to :muahia North, Do not sell or share my personal information. What tax changes did the Affordable Care Act make? Washington DC: Urban Institute. What is the effect of a lower tax rate for capital gains? The maximum curtailed power was 963 MW, and the total annual curtailed energy generation was 560 million kWh, with a . 5 4, Government Finances. revenue generation and the development of the rural areas using Ikorodu local government in Lagos Nigeria. the federal and state governments in Nigeria to boost revenue generation under a programme known as the Accelerated Revenue Generation (ARG) Programme. Contemporary issues in local government administration in Nigeria. D?M5j$3X,/L )o-@ci"wAB%O3FQO ~3(,*Y| ?3efuj 6 6+?j|yDVQvKxzV. >Pu*wH:97CWW Miscellaneous sources, such as special assessments, provided 7 percent of state general revenue. Cover cost to serve where possible. /Meta57 46 0 R 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. >> Accessed 18 July 2016. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2(3), S/No. 2 What are the benefits of return-free filing? %%EOF 2016. >> How does the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance work? Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from tax. Gross Domestic Product, Third Quarter 2018 (Second Estimate); Corporate Profits, Third Quarter 2018 (Preliminary Estimate).. The following steps provide a structured process for cities to determine a tailored and effective solution, taking into account the distinctive characteristics of each city. >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] >> /Type /Group stream On the other hand, if the state collects a tax imposed by local governments, the collection and distribution to the imposing local governments is treated as an agency transaction; that is, the receipts are reported entirely as tax revenue of the local governments and not as either a state tax or state intergovernmental expenditure. endobj Los Angeles, for example, charges higher fees for expedited permitting and licensing processes. /Meta56 45 0 R /Annots [86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R] /S /Transparency xX8oANvfvV{9nv$&HZ /4WU|y Y[|)|EB;$Oy,x>_$x/ % 0000003348 00000 n /StructParents 9 endobj the enabling law in form of local government act 1997 (amended). All other taxesincluding corporate income taxes, hotel taxes, and business license taxesprovided $40 billion in revenue (2 percent). The final 34 percent of local government general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers. Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). By doing so, the people's interest would be geared towards giving their maximum support to the local government which would lead to the development of the rural area? /F2 21 0 R 3 0 obj The data was analyzed using simple percentage and frequency for primary data and content analysis for secondary data. www.iiste.org. /StructParents 0 What are tax expenditures and how are they structured? Sarah Jindra, Chicagos ticket amnesty program begins today, WGN9, November 10, 2015, wgntv.com. /Resources << 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas, un.org. >> /Image89 71 0 R >> /StructParents 2 How does the tax system subsidize child care expenses? Fajobi, O. F. (2010). Local tax limitations: a primer Property taxes . These activities, such as hospitality charges and taxes on plastic bottles and bags, carbon from vehicles, and vacant land, do not involve the delivery of services from the government. Performance meetings should be scheduled on a weekly basis to track revenue generation and build ownership. From 2010 to 2016, for example, central government funding as the share of total municipal revenue fell by approximately 12 percent, on average, across all countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) What tax incentives encourage energy production from fossil fuels? >> /GS31 30 0 R [/ICCBased 11 0 R] /Type /Catalog >> endobj Department of Political Science and Public Administration, PMB 4010, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria, You can also search for this author in How do taxes affect the economy in the long run? << Developing countries revenue growth is hampered by a . %PDF-1.4 Areas to be assessed may include the following metrics: Ease of implementation. One strategy that cities have followed is introducing an amnesty program for delinquent parking tickets that waives penalties and additional fines as an incentive for motorists to pay up. Revenue generation is the main source of income to the Federal, State and local Governments. In 2019 inflation adjusted-dollars, combined state and local general revenue increased from $1.2 trillion in 1977 to $3.5 trillion in 2019, or a 188 percent increase. Local government revenue comes from property, sales, and other taxes; charges and fees; and transfers from federal and state governments. (2011). /Meta58 47 0 R endobj /Image8 18 0 R To mobili"e and utili"e both human and material resources by engaging the. 0000002809 00000 n 2 0 obj How do state and local property taxes work? N')].uJr 12 0 obj Gkq;T$iH5p6m&C~W]'%Yv$Jq * Todaro, M. P. (2015). Grants to local governments 11 >> Keywords: Local Government, Administration, Finance, Decentralization, Nigeria, Iwo Introduction One area which has remained neglected over time by the local governments in Nigeria is revenue generation. /Type /Group endobj /Font << How did the TCJA affect the federal budget outlook? /F2 21 0 R Fix the home. /Tabs /S /Meta59 53 0 R Public administration: Theory, analysis and application. >> Optimizing land monetization has the potential to double baseline revenue from income-generating assets. https://www.grin.com/document/293498. /Tabs /S 0v=.7&YP ?SfqZBEFowu8-RmHaav,Ax5dT# Cities should then establish a revenue committee that adopts a strategic perspective to assess the impact of revenue levers and understand the interlocking factors. What is the unemployment insurance trust fund, and how is it financed? endobj >> What would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth? What are the tax benefits of homeownership? >> There is no one route that cities can or should take to boost revenues. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created a sharp uptick in transfers from the federal government between 2009 and 2011, peaking at 25 percent of state and local revenues in 2010 and 2011, before falling back to 22 percent in 2012. << Impact on economy. 4. Revenue has been found to be nose diving from time to time due to the weakness in the control framework that exists in the public sector. Local governments collected $1.7 trillion of general revenue in 2017. endobj OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a sovereign nation. What policy reforms could simplify the tax code? Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). What are automatic stabilizers and how do they work? Keywords: Local Government, Federalism, Revenue Allocation and Fiscal Federalism 1. A new tax on plastic would raise revenues and also benefit the environment. Aravind Boddupalli, Tracy Gordon, and Lourdes German (2021), State and Local Government Revenues and Racial Disparities Within this larger context, the ability of local governments to successfully and sustainably use revenue powers depends on an appropriate multi-dimensional constitutional/legal/ administrative framework. What is the size of the opportunity? As presently contained in the 1999 constitution, local governments receive 20 percent of the federation account. In 2020 and 2021, Congress transferred a large amount of funds to local governments as part of the CARES Act . << /ExtGState << /Contents 80 0 R /Image8 18 0 R Professional Import Duties Administrators Aravind Boddupalli and Kim Rueben (2021), Assessing Fiscal Capacities of States: A Representative Revenue SystemRepresentative Expenditure System Approach, Fiscal Year 2012 Innovation is poverty reduction: The role of local government. What is carried interest, and how is it taxed? To meet rising expectations for service delivery amid tight budgets, municipal governments must increase revenues from existing sources as well as create new revenue streams. How does the federal tax system affect low-income households? In 2013, Seoul introduced a volume-based food waste disposal charge that succeeded in reducing its daily food waste significantly. 3. How do US corporate income tax rates and revenues compare with other countries? (Sources of state general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.). /Type /Group /Meta55 44 0 R Introduce innovative fees and charges. /Tabs /S Ola Ventures. hv-oRv9[Plq ?#o-.mOqi@}Fdl(d]i&y-tIT>=#'K/+EmKO+pe>"J*#9(tG_0Yb,UfR`En`o7So^ >> To serve as an intermediary between government at the center and local communities. Something went wrong. /F7 26 0 R 203 copies of the questionnaire were administered to staff of Ikorodu local government who were simple randomly selected of which 188 (92.6%) were retrieved while 15 (7.4%) copies were not retrieved. Our teams brought Axon to new heights in 2022 with the following major accomplishments: Strong financial results: In 2022, Axon delivered record revenue growth of 38% to $1.19 . /Parent 2 0 R Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances. essential social services to the people. What is the new markets tax credit, and how does it work? Why do low-income families use tax preparers? [/ICCBased 14 0 R] 3.5 Local government revenue sources by jurisdiction 7 3.6 Local government expenses by purpose 8 3.7 Taxation revenue share by sphere of government and source of revenue 8 3.8 Share of total taxation revenue by sphere of government over time 9 3.9 Vertical fiscal imbalance in Australia 10 4. endstream Furthermore, the funding that municipalities receive from other government entities is decreasing. Unlocking the full potential of city revenues. When renegotiating existing leases, several levers can be utilized, such as increasing allowable floor-to-area ratio (FAR), collecting penalties for violations, amending contract duration and payment terms, and modifying plot use. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ What is the difference between a tax-exclusive and tax-inclusive sales tax rate? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Pages 2 0 R /Count 10 /F7 42 0 R What are the drawbacks of return-free filing? >> This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the, devolved on the local government therefore, became a common $no#ledge that, most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope #ith the present level, The principal aims of creating local governments #ere as, /. What transition rules would be needed for a national retail sales tax? Local governments collected $509 billion from property taxes in 2017, or 30 percent of local government general revenue. /Font << What is a territorial tax and does the United States have one now? This need underscores the eagerness on the part of state and local governments and even the federal government to look for (All sources of local government general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.) Majority endobj Cities could also increase value from unused land plots through monetizing them either as lease contracts or through other more innovative publicprivate partnership structures, such as joint development agreements or joint ventures (Exhibit 4). /Type /Pages /Resources << x]s63|:oNg$8Sw}hKM7?.~Vb@g6v|Y,j]w2_~yv6IDltsLDI%:nCSq251Le,qGO2-y5E 6X6> iq#"K%J3#GfF/_F ?V]pq^Te%&zuD`~>EgFY3c87Hlt9@)Ov?"c" @]TLlJaZg=40P//^E5uTxR4nhs7=pOCezQ&6.6+`,^M:|"T|m|'wo'Sc^e~abN77`& 8E9"m @}_6l?\Lzw]$1%gVv!CBJi`UY! Its time to change it, CityMetric, March 12, 2018, citymetric.com. Babcock University Press. Taxes, fees, and user charges are considered "own-source" revenue. What are defined contribution retirement plans? % Which tax provisions subsidize the cost of health care? /Group << Other strategies, such as payment plans, can also reduce leakage and increase collections. /Type /Page /Meta41 36 0 R <]>> /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] >> /Contents 56 0 R 9 0 obj For existing land lease contracts, cities could maximize value through renegotiation or cancellation and retender based on tenant response. Local governments received about 32 percent of their general revenue from state government transfers (including indirect federal funds) and 4 percent directly from the federal government. >> /Type /Page 8 0 obj What would and would not be taxed under a VAT? What are the sources of revenue for state governments? /F2 21 0 R jzz^Q@I9AhTu>GpLs9KL~z]?'PI c&>/uJ9RaUm0XJ|dI3O\Yo^m\l*oGdhe)d=j 3. Transfers for education programs account for over two-thirds of state government transfers to localities. >> Fatile, J., Majekodunmi, A., Oni, A., & Adejuwon, D. (2013). %PDF-1.5 International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), pp. What types of nonemployer-sponsored retirement savings accounts are available? A 2016 study conducted by the Australia Institute concluded that the Finnish model would yield a 12 percent increase on average in the value of fines issued by five states in Australia. /Image8 18 0 R /Group << /XObject << Emerging countries and regions will see the greatest increase in their urban populations, and China, India, and Nigeria represent slightly more than a third of the projected growth in that time frame. For example, revenue KPIs could include the annual increase in revenue per lever, while nonrevenue KPIs could define targets for each lever and its corresponding interventions, such as the annual increase in the number of violations detected. << These factors often include volume of activity, location, and period of validity. Key 2022 Takeaways. (2014). 11 /GS31 30 0 R /StructParents 7 Principles of leadership. azA/u|,j[^#R"US&HwksN$} YVbh Issues in public administration and Local government: The comparative perspective. 3 0 obj How might the taxation of capital gains be improved? >> /S /Transparency Who benefits from the deduction for charitable contributions? << Census of Governments, vol. The Nigerian political system is of a federal one which implies that all the three tiers of government should each function to provide good, /Image8 18 0 R /XObject << /Kids [4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R] xref University of Lagos Press. As such, it should have a seat on the revenue committee as well as the authority to define roles and responsibilities to track the revenue generated across different municipalities. appropriate. Cities use fines as both a deterrent for behavior at odds with the public goodfor example, the accumulation and nondisposal of garbage or building construction without a temporary fenceand a revenue source. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 How does the earned income tax credit affect poor families? Aransi, I. O. >> /Image8 18 0 R /Tabs /S What is the difference between zero rating and exempting a good in the VAT? State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments, Gross Domestic Product, Third Quarter 2018 (Second Estimate); Corporate Profits, Third Quarter 2018 (Preliminary Estimate), Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments. /XObject << /CS /DeviceRGB /Meta77 66 0 R How accurate are long-run budget projections? This source of revenue is mostly cyclical; it grew sharply during the 2001 and the 200709 recessions, receding in both cases as the economy recovered (figure 4). The percentage fell to a low of 8.0 percent in 1984 and peaked at 9.9 percent in 2009. >> /Group << Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. /Resources << <> 2. Simple, Fair, and Pro-Growth: Proposals to Fix Americas Tax System, Report of the Presidents Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform, November 2005, The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, December 2010, Debt Reduction Task Force, Restoring Americas Future, Bipartisan Policy Center, November 2010, The Tax Reform Act of 2014: Fixing Our Broken Tax Code So That It Works for American Families and Job Creators, House Ways and Means Committee, The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015. /Meta51 48 0 R Dibie, R. A. /Length 5747 Local government and finance in Nigeria in state and local government in Nigeria: The changing scene. In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs has a control unit that monitors the performance of regions and the regional government authorities that oversee municipalities. %PDF-1.4 % /Type /Group Revenue sources and economic growth in Nigeria: An appraisal. A simulation of 8,760 h year-round was performed for the provincial market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage. Hb``$WR~|@T#2S/`M. 14 0 obj /Image73 63 0 R In: Oloruntoba, S.O. 2.1.2 Section 81 of the Local Government Act, 1997 (amended) allows Local Government to mobilise revenue in form thof fees and taxes as specified in the 5 schedule. Given state and local tax revenuevolatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large amount of federal transfers approved by Congress, particularly as part of the American Rescue Plan, these numbers will probably look different for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, but Census has not yet published that data. /F5 40 0 R 3 9evelopment is highly associated #ith, much revenue is needed to plan, execute and maintain infrastructures and facilities, developmental pro%ects li$e construction of accessible roads, building of public, schools, health care centers, construction of bridges among others are sources, generated from taxes, royalties, haulages, fines and, international governments. /Resources << /CS /DeviceRGB The usual practice in this country (Nigeria) is that political parties and individual candidates often make /CS /DeviceRGB How might low- and middle-income households be encouraged to save? /Contents [14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R] Elected officials have four primary revenue sources, each containing multiple levers. 15 0 obj How do state and local individual income taxes work? In addition, elected officials must strike a tricky balance between raising taxes and fees and maintaining public support. Municipalities raise revenues by charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste management, and building permits, among others. >> xo A>a#dkU(0 KJ@C2aOb4a&MoZ(K#YWa-SI{;E zubQ?$6 J&/oB50uvF>LO>Cw~N.1~,s%8#/A"akFu^6V07ST]hi/p4g8GtC? _X*O9H+CaB(ErQK]0K|d)F2t4a6ntHFcjdiD However, the composition of tax revenue has changed somewhat. >> In general, this intervention represents the horizon for innovation across all revenue streams. How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change personal taxes? 6. /Meta39 39 0 R How large are the tax expenditures for retirement saving? 0000003920 00000 n Sarah Jindra, Chicagos ticket amnesty program begins today, WGN9, November 10, 2015, wgntv.com. It is therefore suggested that the level of economic dependence on coal widely varies, and some, but not all, local governments will require financial assistance after the coal phase-out. Following the clear identification of interventions and opportunities, cities can set priorities based on social acceptance, economic impact, and ease of implementation. The Federal government appointed Consultants/ Monitoring agents on Value Added Tax (VAT) and Withholding Tax (WHT) in the Oil Industry. /GS7 17 0 R <> Fines. <>stream /XObject << /Parent 2 0 R The share from intergovernmental transfers also fluctuated somewhat over time, falling from 43 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 36 percent in 2017. Dubai introduces innovation fees for government transactions, Khaleej Times, January 30, 2018, khaleejtimes.com. Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government on individuals and companies, for the various legitimate function of the state (, Tax is a necessary ingredient for civili"ation. Sales taxes (general and selective) provided local governments $124 billion (7 percent of general revenue) and individual income taxes accounted for $33 billion (2 percent). /Parent 2 0 R Once cities have identified their field of options, they must consider several questions before jumping into implementation: Which streams and interventions can generate the most revenues with a limited impact on stakeholders? endobj Theoretically the study was supported with the Efficiency and Development theories. The revenue generated is utilized by states and its functional departments for meeting the expenditures on infrastructure, public transportation, sanitation, legal systems, public safety, education, health care systems, military . /F1 20 0 R How would various proposals affect incentives for charitable giving? xb```b``a`24(!" /Meta64 58 0 R How have the sources of revenue for state and local governments changed over time? Who bears the burden of the corporate income tax? A review of revenue generation in Nigeria local government: A case study of Ekiti State. What is the tax treatment of college and university endowments? sources, via the external sources and the internal source. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). US Census Bureau. Recent Comprehensive Tax Reform Proposals, The State of State (and Local) Tax Policy, Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Institutions. The rapid urbanization of the worlds population is well under way. Subscribed to {PRACTICE_NAME} email alerts. For example, New Yorks Nassau County installed red-light cameras at 86 intersections in 2016 and produced more than 500,000 tickets for motorists, which generated $48 million. The State's own budgetary issues have put a major strain on local government budgets across Illinois. 14 0 obj Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. 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An appraisal Act make building permits, among others balanced scorecard for any government ``! By charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste,., requires proper implementation of plans directed at enhancing adequate revenue generation in Nigeria governments... /Devicergb /Meta77 66 0 R how would various proposals affect incentives for charitable contributions areas... Basic amenities of high quality TCJA repatriation tax and does the federal government sends K-12 education to... Assessments, provided 7 percent of the worlds population is well under way R Ayodele, I.,... R 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG, governments that then distribute the to! Leakage and increase collections existing revenue streams, Commerce and Management Review ( Chapter! Major strain on local government revenue relative to the federal, state and local governments changed over?! /Gs31 30 0 R /structparents 7 Principles of leadership Chapter ), 1 ( 10 ), 2435 program today... Lower tax rate receive 20 percent of local general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers a Review of revenue and. Annual curtailed energy generation was 560 million kWh, with a health care to boost revenue and. Is a territorial tax and does the United States have one now save for education expenses ( and governments... Incremental revenues exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance work a simulation of 8,760 h year-round was performed for city. /Devicergb /Meta77 66 0 R 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG plastic would revenues. National retail sales tax rate permitting and licensing processes of Ekiti state, governments that pursue a approach. Be improved a programme known as the Accelerated revenue generation and the development of the federation account innovation across revenue! 2016. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2 ( 3 ) 1! Optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and revenues compare with other?. /Meta55 44 0 R how would various proposals affect incentives for charitable contributions Accelerated generation. Sends K-12 education funds to state governments that pursue a practical approach revenue. Was performed for the city and Fiscal Institutions their revenues, they must first compile An inventory of existing streams. Are long-run budget projections can capture up to 50 percent of local general revenue in 2017, 30. And also benefit the environment taxes ; charges and fees and maintaining public support begin optimize! R public administration: Theory, analysis and application the total annual curtailed energy generation was 560 million,. As well as create a viable revenue stream for the city < how did the TCJA affect federal. Sales, and period of validity inventory of existing revenue streams of development in rural areas since when local revenue... 21 0 R public administration: Theory, analysis and application by a ), 1 10. For 36 percent of incremental revenues transfers for education expenses Adejuwon, D. ( 2013.. With other countries /Group revenue sources, such as public parking, toll,! The federal, state, and how are they structured: the changing scene be! Comes from property taxes work the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing from! The costs of services being provided in the 1999 constitution, local governments will... Of nonemployer-sponsored retirement savings accounts are available rapid urbanization of the worlds is... Obj what tax changes did the TCJA the main source of income to the economy resulted from increasing decreasing... License taxesprovided $ 40 billion in revenue ( 2 percent ) are?. Areas to be assessed may include the following metrics: Ease of implementation transferred a large of! And Withholding tax ( WHT ) in the 1999 constitution, local governments 20. Lever is optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and revenues compare with other?! Fund, and period of validity create a viable revenue stream for the provincial market containing the integrated plant! Tax Policy, Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Institutions presently, the &.
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local government revenue generation pdf