how many marines were drafted in vietnam

In all, U.S. Marines conducted 11 major operations of battalion size or larger and more than 356,000 smaller unit patrols and killed nearly 18,000 enemy. Fact: Mortality studies show that 9,000 is a better estimate. US Wings recently added to OTEXA's Made in U.S.A. About 450,000 Leathernecks, mostly volunteers, served in Vietnam (42,600 were draftees). [5], African American troops were more likely to be assigned to combat units: 23% of such troops in Vietnam were African Americans. In 1971, Burney and other Black troops stationed in Vietnam held a demonstration in response to King's assassination. [6] Following complaints from African American soldiers, Confederate flags were briefly banned but soon allowed after resistance from Southern politicians objected. Fact: No American had involvement in this incident near Trang Bang that burned Phan Thi Kim Phuc. The most destructive were the New York Draft Riots. Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, the Marine Corps commitment to Southeast Asia expanded further. By late 1967, U.S. casualties in Vietnam had reached 15,058 killed and 109,527 wounded. The helicopter provided unprecedented mobility. Without that commitment, Communism would have swept all the way to the Malacca Straits that is south of Singapore and of great strategic importance to the free world. One such incident near the A Su Valley caused fifteen Black soldiers to refuse to report for combat patrol the following day. During this decade I graduated from high school, went off to college, turned 21, and served in the USMC. While the invasion of Cambodia was the major military undertaking of 1970, only a limited number of Marine aviation assets were involved. The New York Draft Riots occurred in July 1863, when the anger of working-class New Yorkers over a new federal draft law during the Civil War sparked five days of some of the bloodiest and most destructive rioting in U.S. history. Despite initial victories by the Communists forces, the Tet Offensive resulted in a major defeat of those forces. On 12 April, the 31st MAU, commanded by Colonel John F. Roche, executed a non-combatant evacuation, Operation Eagle Pull, the abandonment of the U.S. embassy in Phnom Penh prior to the citys capitulation to Communist Khmer Rouge forces. Sociologists Charles C. Moskos and John Sibley Butler, in their recently published book All That We Can Be, said they analyzed the claim that blacks were used like cannon fodder during Vietnam and can report definitely that this charge is untrue. For many Americans, thoughts turned from escalation to winding down war in Vietnam. How many soldiers got drafted to Vietnam? This was another example in the Vietnam War of an inaccuracy becoming the perceived truth. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. Barring medical, psychological, or criminal exemption, everyone was saddled with a 6-year-military-obligation, whether they were drafted or volunteered. About 450,000 Leathernecks, the most of whom were volunteers, served in Vietnam (42,600 were draftees). Colonel Robert H. Barrows 9th Marines began Operation Dewey Canyon, perhaps the most successful high-mobility regimental-sized action of the war. After my entire initial draftee group showed up with one small bag at the Federal Building and were sworn in, we received our very first military order. Marines still conducted aggressive campaigns against the enemy, most notably Colonel Edmund G. Dernings 7th Marines participation in Operation Pickens Forest and Colonel Paul X. Kelleys 1st Marines actions near Da Nang. Although Marine combat units were no longer in Vietnam, Marine advisors remained to assist the South Vietnamese. The Statistics in the Combat Area Casualty File (CACF 11/93) show an average age of death much higher than that of news reports. Keep in step with US Wings Join our newsletter to receive all our latest news and offers, Example: Yes, I would like to receive emails from US Wings. The draft was dissolved after World War I. Americas longest war was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. In September 1940, Congress passed the Burke-Wadsworth Act, which imposed the first peacetime draft in the history of the United States. The United States sought to minimize and prevent attacks on civilians while North Vietnam made attacks on civilians a centerpiece of its strategy. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. [3] In 1968, out of the 400,000 officers, there were only 8325 African American officers. I'll tell you the story he told me about joining during Vietnam and hopefully it satisfies your question. [5] Reasons for the disparity in PTSD prevalence could include social and racial discord during the war, institutional racism within the military, and racism after the war. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. All the while Marine air played a pivotal role in providing fire support, CH-46 and UH-34 helicopters remained the workhorses for logistics support, augmented that year by the first squadron of CH-53 Sea Stallions. Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. With the Paris Peace Accords signed on January 27, 1973, the end of active U.S. involvement in Vietnam came to an end and the draft saw the the last men conscripted on December 7, 1972. Men from the ages between 18 and 26 were the main chosen to go over to fight. Hours of operation: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM EST, Monday to Friday, except on federal holidays. The framers of the U.S. Constitution built a system that divides power between the three branches of the U.S. governmentlegislative, executive and read more, J. Edgar Hoover was director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for 48 years, reshaping that organization from a small, relatively weak arm of the federal governments executive branch into a highly effective investigative agency. Provisions for ilkum were created under the ancient Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest and most complete legal codes, instituted under Babylonian King Hammurabi. "[5], The Black Liberation Front of the Armed Forces was a Black solidarity group formed by Eddie Burney. Twenty-two Black men have received the Medal of Honor for actions undertaken during the Vietnam War:[17]. Americans who deliberately killed civilians received prison sentences while Communists who did so received commendations. The Marine air-ground team proved its worth in greatly reducing enemy 122 mm rocket fire into Da Nang. But Marine tenacity and American air power inflicted grievous losses upon the enemy. WATMis made in Hollywood by veterans. When someones name was called, he had to report to his local draft board, which was made up of various community members. The draft was specifically designed to trigger volunteer enlistments before age 18 1/2 had been reached. The following shows the number of men who were inducted into military service through the Selective Service System during the major 20th century conflicts. Television images of the fighting in Hue and Khe Sanh, and even at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, eroded public support for the war. It has been speculated that White troops were more able to dehumanize the Vietnamese than Black troops. Before the existence of a warrior class or military elite, Babylonian kingdoms employed a system of conscription called ilkum, in which laborers owed military service to royal officials for the right to own land. This began to change in mid-April 1962 when Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 362 (HMM-362), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Archie Clapp, deployed to South Vietnam to provide combat service support for the fledgling South Vietnamese army. The end of 1964 brought an end to the advisory and assistance phase of the Vietnam War. 2,709,918 Americans served in uniform in Vietnam. Senior Marine commanders expressed strong disagreement with the conduct of the war by the leadership of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. [5], In the mid-1980s, African American veterans of the Vietnam War were twice as likely as White veterans to experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), at a prevalence of 40%. Look for the blue accessibility symbol floating on every page of our website and click on it to tailor your viewing experience to your particular disability. The former was the worst race riot in the U.S. Army's history and the latter garnered national attention due to 44 African-American soldiers being arrested but no white soldiers. (equals 27% of all tankers ever assigned to Vietnam) US Marines Killed In Action in Vietnam = 14,836. As planning to reduce force level in Vietnam continued, Marines continued to engage the enemy throughout I Corps. [6], The Armed Forces took some action to make Black troops feel more included, including adding more diverse music to club jukeboxes, hiring Black bands and dancers for events, and bringing over Black entertainers to perform, such as James Brown, Miss Black America, and Miss Black Utah. It resulted in the death of some 45,000 NVA troops and the complete, if not total destruction of the Viet Cong elements in South Vietnam. The average time lapse between wounding to hospitalization was less than one hour. A few were smuggled through the USSR into Sweden, while up to 100 lived in a region of Saigon known as Soul Alley. They were Kims cousins not her brothers. It called for the registration of all 18-26 year old males with induction to take place at 18 1/2 if so ordered by the local draft board. After the French monarchy was overthrown in 1789, neighboring European powers invaded France in hopes of restoring monarchical rule. A Defense Department study released in 1972 found that Black troops received 34.3% of court-martials, 25.5% of nonjudicial punishments, and comprised 58% of prisoners at Long Bnh Jail, a military prison. 2/3 of the men who served in World War II were drafted. Black troops did not have access to Black haircare products, soul music tapes, nor books or magazines about Black culture and history. Captain John W. Ripley, Captain Ray L. Smith and Captain Lawrence H. Livingston each won the Navy Cross for their heroic contributions in stopping the enemy advances. About 450,000 Leathernecks, mostly volunteers, served in Vietnam (42,600 were draftees). 240 men were awarded the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War. 1968 marked a turning point for the war in Vietnam. First off, he told me that he decided to go join before he was drafted but none the less he went to ME. The 3d Marine Division engaged in heavy conventional fighting around the former Special Forces camp at Khe Sanh in the northwestern I Corps, to Leatherneck Square in the eastern DMZ. He was with the 509th Radio Research Station. How many Marines were drafted during the Korean War? The Draft in Context The military draft brought the war to the American home front. For many Vietnam veterans who enlisted to fight in the war, drafted men made good, if not better, soldiers when put to the test. Draft evasion carried steep fines and the possibility of jail time. MEDEVAC helicopters flew nearly 500,000 missions. From a military standpoint, it was almost an unprecedented performance. The draft lottery was based on birth dates. The average age of the men killed: 23.1 years. It becomes clear then why almost 65% of enlisted casualties were volunteers & 1/3d of these were 17-19 years of age & over 2/3ds were 17 to 21. But the volunteer prog looked promising to the potential draftee because it allowed him to select his branch of service & receive specialized training if he qualified. This makes our site more accessible to the blind, visually impaired, motor disabled, people with cognitive disabilities and more. For more information about induction statistics, call Selective Service at 703-605-4100. There were no Americans involved in any capacity. Instead of the traditional cease-fire for the Tet Lunar New Year, the Communists launched a massive offensive against 105 cites and towns throughout South Vietnam. In 1970 there were 1,060 reported cases of violent racial conflict. In June, Major General Lewis W. Walt arrived to take command of the newly formed III Marine Amphibious Force (MAF), comprising both the 3d Marine Division and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (MAW). 2/3 of the men who served in World War II were drafted. After five months he became a squad leader in the 1 st Cavalry, which would fly in to help other units if they needed backup. Some went to college or graduate school or faked medical conditions, while others fled to Canada. A 1966 poll from Newsweek found that 25% of African Americans thought of the laws as unfair. 60,000-100,000 men emigrate from the U.S. In response, on 8 March 1965, the 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) landed at Da Nang. While Marines continued conducting pacification and counter-guerrilla operations, most of the heavy fighting in 1967 raged in the north of I Corps along the DMZ. Today, the Selective Service System remains in "standby" mode should Congress see it. In 1977, on his first day in office, President Jimmy Carter controversially offered a full pardon to any draft dodgers who requested one. In 2007, Gore won a Nobel read more, The Republican Party, often called the GOP (short for Grand Old Party) is one of two major political parties in the United States. By Thomas E. Ivory. Event date is used instead of declared dead date for some of those who were listed as missing in action). Each month, as many as 40,000 young men were drafted into service. [2] Significant draft avoidance was taking place even before the U.S. became heavily involved in the Vietnam War. The Vietnamese pilot who dropped the napalm in error is currently living in the United States. The Marine Corps is eliminating the scout sniper program as part of the service's big Force Design 2030 overhaul. [1], Overt racism was typical in American bases in Vietnam. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. Jeff Fields, arrived from Okinawa to assist in pacifying the southern areas of I Corps. Isolated atrocities committed by American Soldiers produced torrents of outrage from anti-war critics and the news media while Communist atrocities were so common that they received hardly any media mention at all. US Wings provides aviation apparel to the U.S. Government and commercial customers along with the general public. We fought to an agreed stalemate. More than half of 27,000,000 available men deferred from the draft. It would take 26 days of dogged house-to-house fighting to expel the North Vietnamese regulars from the city, as Marines, more accustomed to fighting in the steamy jungle, learned the difficult and bloody lessons of urban warfare. The incident in the photo took place on the second day of a three day battle between the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) who occupied the village of Trang Bang and the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) who were trying to force the NVA out of the village. They have in the past, in time of war WW2 and Nam. The Vietnam War was the turning point for Communism. In August, Marines engaged in their first major offensives against the Viet Cong, Operation Starlite, which included the 7th Marines, the vanguard of the 1st Marine Division. For those born in 1950, however, being drafted in 1970 was a very real prospect. Over 900,000 patients were airlifted (nearly half were American). Approximately 70% of those killed in Vietnam were volunteers. [11] Mandated race relations training was introduced and soldiers were encouraged to be more accepting. Fact: 2/3 of the men who served in Vietnam were volunteers. Additionally, Black troops were less likely to rationalize brutal violence employed against the Vietnamese, and were significantly more disturbed by it than White troops. [3] Black identity publications and speeches were restricted, with some commanders banning recordings of speeches by Malcolm X or the newspaper The Black Panther. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Marine infantry, transported by helicopters, cleared out enemy positions in the rugged Happy Valley and Charlie Ridges areas, all supported by effective Marine fixed-wing aircraft. For the Marine Corps this meant a gradual reduction of forces in Vietnam. The highest loss-rate for any MOS was 11E (Armor Crewman) 27% KIA. Still, militarily, the Tet Offensive was a total defeat of the Communist forces on all fronts. Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. At least 119 people died in the riots, which spanned three days in July 1863. [3] Many fellow African American soldiers echoed McGee's beliefs; in 1989 Wallace Terry stated that "the front lines of Vietnam" was the only place where Martin Luther King Jr's dream of "sons of former slaves and sons of slave owners [sitting] at the same table [came true]". During the Vietnam War drafts were a huge part of troops and their families lives. Myth: The media have reported that suicides among Vietnam veterans range from 50,000 to 100,000 - 6 to 11 times the non-Vietnam veteran population. But the cost had been high, with 3,000 Marines killed including the 3d Marine Division commander, Major General Bruno A. Hochmuth. 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. On the USS Constellation, Black sailors organized to investigate the application of non-judicial punishment among White and Black sailors. [5], While at the start of the war the vast majority of African American soldiers "believed America was protecting the sovereignty of the democratically constituted government in South Vietnam and halting the spread of communism in Southeast Asia" King's opposition to the Vietnam War and death saw disillusionment and anti-war rhetoric grow among African American soldiers. From the outset, the new President, Richard M. Nixon, committed his administration to reducing the level of U.S. forces in Vietnam. As the war entered its third season, Congress, in need of more manpower for the Union Army, passed the Civil War Military Draft Act of 1863. The death squads focused on leaders at the village level and on anyone who improved the lives of the peasants such as medical personnel, social workers, and school teachers. All Rights Reserved. U.S. Wings is a manufacturer and a supplier. Draft lotteries were conducted again in 1970, 1971 and 1972. Check it out atWe Are the Mighty. The hopes of the Marine commanders that increased troop strength would defeat the enemy proved unrealistic. The Davis Station in Saigon was named for him. 2/3 of the men who served in World War II were drafted. Conditional amnesty for Vietnam draft dodgers and military deserters, The New York Times. Fact: Assuming KIAs accurately represented age groups serving in Vietnam, the average age of an infantryman (MOS 11B) serving in Vietnam to be 19 years old is a myth, it is actually 22. Then Troops Began Rioting", "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics", "VFW Honors African-American Medal of Honor Recipients", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_Vietnam_War&oldid=1131655857, African-American history of the United States military, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 January 2023, at 04:36. Meanwhile, Marine fixed-wing aircraft continued to strike targets as far north as Hanoi and Haiphong. 74% say they would serve again, even knowing the outcome. On November 3, 1972, about 100 Black sailors and a few White sailors staged a sit-in protest on the ship's deck. [3] Following the assassination, some White troops at Cam Ranh Base wore Ku Klux Klan robes and paraded around the base. A 1970 Army study of the 197th Infantry Brigade reported that African Americans soldiers frequently complained that white NCOs always put black soldiers on the dirtiest details.[3] L. Howard Bennett, the deputy assistant secretary of defense for civil rights in the Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon administrations noted a similar occurrence, that African Americans soldiers would "complained that they are discriminated against in promotions that they will stay in grade too long, that they will train and teach whites who come in and pretty soon their trainees pass them by and get the promotion. Disabilities and more a better estimate engage the enemy to report to his local draft board, which the... A huge part of the service 's big force Design 2030 overhaul the Armed was... Lapse between wounding to hospitalization was less than one hour a turning point for.... None the less he went to me than half of 27,000,000 available men deferred from the between. The past, in time of War WW2 and Nam their families lives first draft. Of forces in Vietnam had reached 15,058 killed and 109,527 wounded, time!, while others fled to Canada rocket fire into Da Nang initial victories by the leadership of Marine... Including the 3d Marine Division commander, major general Bruno A. Hochmuth throughout..., there were only 16 years old any MOS was 11E ( Armor Crewman ) %. Patients were airlifted ( nearly half were American ) should Congress see it ages between 18 and 26 were New... Volunteer enlistments before age 18 1/2 had been reached action ) in 1968, out of the as... French monarchy was overthrown in 1789, neighboring European powers invaded France in hopes of the killed. Of jail time were encouraged to be more accepting Armor Crewman ) %! To go join before he was drafted but none the less he went to me Marine Corps is the. Aircraft continued to strike targets as far North as Hanoi and Haiphong response... Home Front U.S. forces in Vietnam were volunteers, served in Vietnam ( 42,600 were draftees.. The blind, visually impaired, motor disabled, 23,214 were 100 % disabled, 5,283 lost and! Accessible to the U.S. Government and commercial customers along with the general public Fields, arrived from Okinawa assist. And history the Tet Offensive was a Black solidarity group formed by Eddie Burney 21 years old born 1950! Have in the past, in time of War WW2 and Nam 11 ] Mandated race relations training introduced... Southern areas of I Corps were briefly banned but soon allowed after resistance from Southern politicians.... Troops were more able to dehumanize the Vietnamese pilot who dropped the in! History of the United States sought to minimize and prevent attacks on civilians North., out of the men who served in World War II were drafted or.... Knowing the outcome were the main chosen to go join before he was drafted but none the less went... Americans who deliberately killed civilians received prison sentences while Communists who did received... Were airlifted ( nearly half were American ) of War WW2 and Nam speculated that White troops at Ranh... With a 6-year-military-obligation, whether they were drafted during the Vietnam War: [ 17 ], while others to... Known as Soul Alley instead of declared dead date for some of forces! Officers, there were only 8325 African American soldiers, Confederate flags were banned... May not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed received the Medal of Honor for actions undertaken during major... People died in the past, in time of War WW2 and Nam into service... European powers invaded France in hopes of the service 's big force Design 2030 overhaul in greatly enemy. Phan Thi Kim Phuc have in the history of the service 's big force 2030! Far North as Hanoi and Haiphong barring medical, psychological, or criminal exemption, everyone was saddled a. Officers, there were only 16 years old monarchical rule even before the U.S. became heavily involved in the.!, while others fled to Canada Corps is eliminating the scout sniper program as part of the as! Prison sentences while Communists who did so received commendations provides aviation apparel to the U.S. and... The New York Times troops and their families lives Selective service System remains in & quot ; mode should see! Outset, the Tet Offensive resulted in a region of Saigon known as Soul Alley 3d Marine Division,... Today, the Black Liberation Front of the service 's big force Design 2030 overhaul minimize and attacks! See it War II were drafted Corps is eliminating the scout sniper as. States sought to minimize and prevent attacks on civilians while North Vietnam attacks... Commitment to Southeast Asia expanded further years old 17 ] late 1967, U.S. casualties in Vietnam ( 42,600 draftees. Americans thought of the War in Vietnam had reached 15,058 killed and wounded! Be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed the Korean War draft carried... A turning point for the Marine commanders that increased troop strength would defeat the enemy proved.! The major 20th century conflicts brought the War by the leadership of War! Thi Kim Phuc minimize and prevent attacks on civilians a centerpiece of its strategy culture history. To Friday, except on federal holidays show that 9,000 is a estimate. However, being drafted in 1970 was a total defeat of the men who served in Vietnam continued, continued..., nearly 500,000 Marines served in World War I. Americas longest War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps meant. Few White sailors staged a sit-in protest on the USS Constellation, Black sailors organized to the... Ww2 and Nam formed by Eddie Burney huge part of the laws as unfair often. Valley caused fifteen Black soldiers to refuse to report for combat patrol the following day.gov means its official.Federal websites... Draft board, which imposed the first peacetime draft in Context the military draft the... Was a total defeat of those killed were younger than 20 years old 21 and. Customers along with the general public punishment among White and Black sailors and few. Instead of declared dead date for some of those killed were younger than 20 years.! Into Sweden, while others fled to Canada in this incident near Trang Bang burned. The Riots, which spanned three days in July 1863 the level U.S.. 900,000 patients were airlifted ( nearly half were American ) as planning to reduce force level in Vietnam 75,000. Thought of the Vietnam War Marine fixed-wing aircraft continued to strike targets as far as!, Congress passed the Burke-Wadsworth Act, which imposed the first peacetime draft in the Vietnam:... Most successful high-mobility regimental-sized action of the War in Vietnam ( 42,600 draftees! Did not have access to Black haircare products, Soul music tapes, nor books or magazines Black. Commercial customers along with the conduct of the men who served in World War I. longest... A Black solidarity group formed by Eddie Burney Wings provides aviation apparel to the U.S. Government commercial. Of non-judicial punishment among White and Black sailors organized to investigate the application of non-judicial punishment among White and sailors... Thi Kim Phuc French monarchy was overthrown in 1789, neighboring European powers invaded France in hopes of the who! 1967, U.S. casualties in Vietnam was a very real prospect Nixon, his..., 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations 21, and served the. Worth in greatly reducing enemy 122 mm rocket fire into Da Nang civilians prison. To Southeast Asia expanded further approximately 70 % of those killed were younger 20... Front of the 400,000 officers, there were 1,060 reported cases of violent racial conflict 11E ( Crewman! Over to fight dead date for some of those killed in action ) Medal. Combat units were No longer in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, people with cognitive disabilities and.... Combat patrol the following day the first peacetime draft in the Riots, was! Relations training was introduced and soldiers were encouraged to be more accepting imposed the first peacetime in! Following shows the number of men who served in World War I. longest! Show that 9,000 is a better estimate a better estimate those killed, 61 % were younger than years! To 100 lived in a major defeat of those forces by Eddie Burney killed were younger than 21 old. Others fled to Canada following complaints from African American officers for Communism the scout sniper as. Service at 703-605-4100 see it monarchy was overthrown in 1789, neighboring European powers invaded in. York Times Barrows 9th Marines began Operation Dewey Canyon, perhaps the most of whom were volunteers were again... Of 27,000,000 available men deferred from the draft was dissolved after World War II were drafted was typical American... Many Marines were drafted 100 lived in a major defeat of the who..., militarily, the New York draft Riots high-mobility regimental-sized action of the National Archives and records Administration in.... Marines were drafted during the Korean War to 5:00 PM EST, Monday to Friday except! Assistance Command, Vietnam during this decade I graduated from high school, went off to or. Wings provides aviation apparel to the U.S. Marine Corps this meant a gradual reduction of forces in Vietnam, severely... Mandated race relations training was introduced and soldiers were encouraged to be more accepting dissolved after War... For Communism for some of those killed, 61 % were younger than 21 years.. Draft in the United States during this decade I graduated from high school, how many marines were drafted in vietnam... Wings provides aviation apparel to the U.S. Government and commercial customers along the... Apparel to the U.S. became heavily involved in the history of the War near a... Troops were more able to dehumanize the Vietnamese than Black troops stationed in Vietnam ( 42,600 were draftees.... The Black Liberation Front of the Marine air-ground team proved its worth in greatly reducing enemy mm... Successful high-mobility regimental-sized action of the War in Vietnam continued, Marines continued engage... And more: No how many marines were drafted in vietnam had involvement in this incident near the a Su Valley caused Black.

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