delano grape strike apush

The UFW won the majority of the elections in which it participated. 1081, The Chinese hosted a table tennis team from the US, Henry Kissinger embarked on secret missions a few months later Save resources to create collections for your class or to review later. Body Cavities and Abdominal Quadrants. In 25 days, Cesar lost 35 pounds. However, while the Filipino workers under Itliong readily joined the strike, Mexican workers were willing to accept $1.20 . [25], Chavez's successful boycotting campaigns in the docks inspired him to launch a formal boycott against the two largest corporations which were involved in the Delano grape industry, Schenley Industries and the DiGiorgio Corporation. The Filipino workers were upset that they received only $1.25 per hour compared with the $1.40 hourly wage of farmworkers who were part of the bracero . The Delano Grape Strike entails the refusal of the Filipino-American farm workers to go to work to pick grapes in a farmland in California.. The National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) had now emerged as an influential force in the community. His doctors said his life was in danger. The success of the grape workers inspired others, and soon after the Delano grape strike ended, lettuce workers went on strike, in what became known as the Salad Bowl strike. The growers were sure the strikers would maintain a position of nonviolence. Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, Larry ItliongLupe MartinezCesar ChavezDolores Huerta, The Delano grape strike was a labor strike organized by the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a predominantly Filipino and AFL-CIO-sponsored labor organization, against table grape growers in Delano, California to fight against the exploitation of farm workers. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Watch a Video Clip about the California Grape Workers Strike. United Farm Workers Grape Strike, Calif., 1965-1970. pay raises for employees safety protections from pesticides education opportunities health care benefits affordable housing 2 [17] After the strike in Coachella, farm workers followed the grape-picking season and moved north to Delano. The Renegade Rip (CA): United Farm Workers celebrate the Delano Grape Strike '65 movement. Every strike was crushed. Cesar insisted the Latino and Filipino strikers work together, sharing the same picketlines, strike kitchens and union hall. [18][38], Following the strike, the actions of Cesar Chavez were highlighted and remembered. The ongoing Black Freedom Struggle provided both inspiration and allies to the farm workers. Kallen, A Stuart.We are Not Beasts of Burden Cesar Chavez and The Delano Grape Strike. D2.His.8.9-12. Some of the strikers equated nonviolence with inaction or even cowardice. What role did individual workers play in the process? The strike was led by Larry Itliong, a member of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). Listen to #DisruptTexts founder Julia Torres about taking a critical lens to text selection in ELA classrooms. 3.89. United Farm Workers leader Dolores Huerta at the Delano grape workers strike in Delano, Calif., 1966. ELIBR0152, Box 1, Folder 2, American Farm Bureau Federation, 1967. In the time that followed, the picket lines were routinely attacked. Facing History & Ourselves is designed for educators who want to help students explore identity, think critically, grow emotionally, act ethically, and participate in civic life. Repeat with the remaining two clips from the film (7:18-12:25 and 12:25-18:30). [37], In June 1975, California passed a law allowing for secret ballot union representation elections for farm workers. Students explore the first year of the Delano grape strike, when grape workers in California's San Joaquin Valley went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions. By July 1968, the boycott against table grapes had gone global. The truest act of courage, the strongest act of manliness, is to sacrifice ourselves for others in a totally nonviolent struggle for justice. Print]. It took a lot of effort and planning before the grape strike was able to take place. [28], The large corporations affected by the strikes led by Chavez employed fear tactics in order to protect profits. Rappler: Remembering the Delano grape strike. Economic justice was social justice, and the NFWA demanded federal intervention on the basis of farmworkers rights as citizens. There was no hope of victory any time soon. 1970 When students have finished viewing the images, ask them to share some of their observations and reactions with the class. Politics Special Book Section A Social History of Farm Labor in. 1960s He planted little seeds of hope that sprouted into a renewed movement. University Library, Special Collections & University Archives, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas. In September 1965, Filipino and Mexican American farm workers went on strike against grape growers in and around Delano, California. Although the march started with just 70 workers, by the time they reached Sacramento they had 10,000 supporters with them. Others worried about his health. The Complete History of the Famed Delano Grape Strike. It is imperative to understand the Delano Grape Strike in the context of America labor, civil rights, and two groups cooperating to achieve a . In order to win representation, the union would have to engage in creative and unorthodox tactics. Throughout his life, 1927 to 1993, Chavez was a prominent civil rights activist who fought for the rights of farm workers. After several years of strikes and boycotts, Delano grape workers declared victory. By 1969, grape sales in the United States had dropped 3040% as a result of the strike and boycott. This came as a result of the boycott tactic of blocking grape distribution centers. Recent flashcard sets. i CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA MINORITIES AND POLITICS: Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Political Power A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science By Nam Kyu Kang March 2016 When some companies went back on their contracts, the UFWA advocated another boycott of table grapes. They fought alone until Itliong persuaded Cesar Chavez and his group of Latino farmworkers to join the strike. These types of actions are called secondary boycotts, and workers were forbidden engaging in this form of protest by the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act, an amendment to the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). And when the Bracero program ended, "Border Patrol opened the border, and trucks hauling strikebreakers roared up through the desert every night. Having gained a $1.40/hour wage for farm workers in Coachella, he prepared workers to go on strike in Delano when growers refused to pay more than $1.20/hour. On May 10, UFW supporters picketed Safeway stores throughout the U.S. and Canada in celebration of International Grape Boycott Day. There were several cases where pesticide spraying equipment was used to drench picketers with deadly surfer, which temporarily blinded them. In September 8, 1965, the AWOC decided to strike against Delano grape growers, demanding pay equal to the federal minimum wage. Such tactics had long been an effective check on union power. California Grape Workers Strike: 196566. Just three years old, the young organization was still finding its footing - both financially and in the community. But although the harvest ended without the farmworkers achieving their objectives, the struggle was just beginning. 28 terms. View Delano Grape Strike from HISTORY MISC at Loyola Sacred Heart High School. Use our lesson Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change to teach students about the overall strategy of nonviolence by identifying how these steps played out during one important struggle of the civil rights movement: the student protests in Nashville to end segregation. Pause after each clip to give students time to discuss in their small groups. Students learn about education, identity, and activism through an exploration of the East Los Angeles school walkouts, when thousands of students protested unequal educational opportunities for Mexican American students. By 1968, the UFW had signed contracts with 10 different table grape growers, which included Schenley Industries and DiGiorgio Corporation, but strikes and boycotts did not cease until 1970, when 26 table grape growers signed contracts with the UFW. How did you respond? Paul Henggeler Collection; letter to address grape strike, 1967. "United States capital interests wanted Asian male workers but not their families, because detaching the male worker from a heterosexual family structure meant he would be cheaper labor.". Inspired by the successful Delano grape strike in 1969, the Salad Bowl strikes began in 1970 and led to the largest farm worker strike in US history. If you really want to do something, be willing to die for it.. $2,850 each. In July of 1970, most of the major growers in the Delano area agreed to pay grape pickers $1.80 an hour (plus 20 cents for each box picked), contribute to the union health plan, and ensure that . [18] In the initial contracts, the UFW implemented the hiring hall system. The target was Schenley Industries, the second largest grower in Delano. Meanwhile, Dollars & Sense writes that the grape growers continued to bring in strikebreakers by any means necessary. In addition, the growers had access to replacement labor and enjoyed significant political influence in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. The strike grew larger until it became immortalized as "La Huelga" (the struggle). Tell students that in this activity, they will be exploring images related to the farmworkers movement in California. Explore approaches to centering student voice, building authentic relationships and cultivating community with Molly Josephs, the creator of. California: U of California P, 2008. In 1965, the NFWA joined several other organizations in a strike against grape growers in Delano that began with Filipino workers from the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). Boilers are sold for A primary, or direct, boycott, which targeted the employer involved in a labor dispute, was generally allowable. Listen to writer and educator, Dr. Clint Smith, where we hear his poetry and reflections on working for justice, equity, and civic agency in our schools. While there was temptation to resort to violence against grape growers that abused . Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers for International Boycott Day, May 10, 1969. According to the film. Cesar and the leaders of the NFWA believed it would be years before their fledgling union was ready for a strike. The Delano grape strike lasted five years, which included an international boycott of table grapes. Kent State University 1079-81, Killing of 22 Vietnamese civilians by US forces during a SnD mission, led by William L. Calley Jr. for the murder for "at least" 22 consumer surplus, and deadweight loss would change. In 1967, UFW supporters in Oregon began picketing stores in Eugene, Salem, and Portland. Tell students that in this lesson, they will be learning about a strike organized by farmworkers on vineyards in Delano, California. Chavez led by example and followed through on his ideas of nonviolent protests, coming up with other ways to get support behind the union. While some California growers agreed to pay all their workers the minimum rate of $1.40 and continued hiring braceros, other growers decided to hire Filipino workers for $1.25 per hour and Mexican-Americans for $1.10 per hour, according to "The Farmworkers' Journey." Less remembered are the many others who supported him during the strike. On September 8, 1965, Filipino American grape workers, members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, walked out on strike against Delano-area table and wine grape growers protesting years of poor pay and conditions. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. The strike in Delano seemed primed by earlier, move violent memories. against vineyard owners that spread north to Delano and helped spark the national. In 1965, Chavez became involved in the Delano grape strike, where the Agricultural . It might have been a half-century ago, but the impact of the Delano grape strike will always be felt -- not only in Hispanic history, but labor history in general. The strike began mainly with workers of Filipino ancestry, organized by Larry Itliong and the union called the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). [38] However, the hiring hall system split up many of the Filipino who had grown accustomed to migrating with the harvesting season. Esther Uranday looks at old photographs of . What made you feel invisible? Larry Itliong was a Filipino American organizer and community leader who played an important role in the farm labor movement, including the Delano Grape Strike of the 1960s. Some young male strikers talked about violence, about striking back at the growers who abused them. This year, Hispanic Heritage Month coincides with the 50 th anniversary of the beginning of the Delano Grape Strike, and provides us with an opportunity to pay tribute to two great labor leaders who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) and helped to organize one of the most successful strikes in labor historyCesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. [27], After a record harvest in the fall of 1965, thousands of California farm workers went on strike and demanded union representation elections. The Strike Heard Round the World. During the strike, organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), along with student activists from the Bay Area, arrived in Delano to offer support, drawing parallels between the Jim Crow South and rural California in the fight for racial justice. Despite this remarkable show of unity by the farmworkers, the regions growers were confident that they could defeat this latest attempt at organizing and they refused to negotiate with the farmworkers on strike. In 1966, Chavez led the Delano strikers on a 300-mile long march from Delano to Sacramento, according to Asian American Activism. The growers would push protesters, punch the strikers and jab elbows in to their ribs. He said, the whole essence of nonviolent action is getting a lot of people involved, vast numbers doing little things.. Copyright (c) 2023 United Farm Workers All rights reserved. The strike started Sept. 8, 1965 when Filipino grape workers walked out on grape growers in Delano, Calif., to protest years of poor pay and working conditions. [34] Contracts between the UFW and grape growers were the first of their kind in agricultural history, and alongside the immediate effects of these initial contracts such as the increase in wages and improved working conditions, some contracts included provisions regarding unemployment insurance, paid vacation days, and the creation of a special benefits fund. What impact did this strategy have on the farmworkers movement? God help us to be men.. 1 The strike began mainly with workers of Filipino ancestry, organized by Larry Itliong and the union called the Agricultural . The strike set in motion the modern farmworkers movement. There, an Itliong-led group of Filipino-American migrant workers asked for a $0.15/hour raise. Itliong and Chavez also had their hesitations in working together, but they knew the merger needed to happen in order to make a difference. The grape growers ultimately got what they fought so hard for, signing union contracts with higher pay, better benefits and enhanced protections. Hundreds, then thousands, came. By fighting back they could prove their machismo, their manliness. Jon Lewis/Courtesy of LeRoy Chatfield In 1969, support for farm workers increased throughout North America. The strike began on September 8, 1965, and one week later, the predominantly Mexican National Farmworkers Association . Supporters formed a boycott committee in Vancouver, prompting an outpouring of support from Canadians that would continue throughout the following years. Organizers and volunteers gathered in cities across the country to generate support, picketing businesses like grocery stores, bars, and liquor stores that sold Schenley products. The UFW joined a strike of Grape pickers in Delano, California. [6][7][9][10], The Delano grape strike is most notable for the effective implementation and adaptation of boycotts, the unprecedented partnership between Filipino and Mexican farm workers to unionize farm labor, and the resulting creation of the UFW labor union, all of which revolutionized the farm labor movement in America. The Delano Grape Strike represents one of the most important labor movements in American history and demonstrates an intersection between the Civil Rights Movement and the movement initiated by the Mexican-American and Filipino-American communities. The strike not only was a win for those workers in 1970, but it set a standard for the rights of farm workers all across America in future years. Guide students analysis of a photograph, artwork, or video with this simple critical-viewing strategy. In 1968, in an attempt to "draw attention to the violence being used against the striking farm workers and to reaffirm his belief for nonviolence," NBC News reports that Chavez started a fast that lasted 25 days. Chavez continued to encourage the people to "not react against the violence, but to react in such a way to get closer to our goal". A Division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Mapping UFW Strikes, Boycotts, and Farm Worker Actions 1965-1975, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The grape strike that transformed a nation, 50 years later", "La Causa: The Delano Grape Strike of 1965-1970", "When Mexicans and Filipinos joined together", "The Forgotten Filipino-Americans Who Led the '65 Delano Grape Strike", "COACHELLA VALLEY: Filipinos' 1965 strike set stage for farm labor cause", "How Filipino Migrants Gave the Grape Strike Its Radical Politics | Dollars & Sense", "Filipino-Americans: The forgotten leaders of '65 grape strike", "50 Years Later, Remembering the Delano Grape Strike", "26 Grape Growers Sign Union Accord; Boycott Nears End", "Fear and Tension Grip Salinas Valley in Farm Workers' Strike", "Looking back on the year that forever changed farming in the Salinas Valley", "Amid Chants of 'Huelga!,' an Embodiment of Hope", "Why the 'Cesar Chavez' biopic matters now", "Out of the Fields, Onto the Screen: What 'Cesar Chavez' Gets Wrong About the Labor Movement", "Grapes Of Wrath: The Forgotten Filipinos Who Led A Farmworker Revolution", "Strike! [25], This initial successful boycott was followed by a series of picket lines on Bay Area docks. 3, The grape workers strike lasted from 1965 to 1970. Lasting five years, the Delano grape strike and boycott became known to workers as "La Huelga," or "the struggle" (per Records of Rights, posted at the National Archives). That is the power in the Delano Grape Strike." It took five years of striking, plus an international boycott of table grapes, before growers signed contracts with the United Farm Workers. He changed the face of agricultural labor in California. 1082, A break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex in Washington was carried out under the direction of White House employees, disclosure of the White House involvement in the break-in and subsequent cover-up forced President Nixon to resign in 1974 to avoid impeachment While some companies ended up going back on their agreements, the strike was largely considered a success. Beyond the Fields: Cesar Chavez, the UFW, and the Struggle for Justice in the 21st Century. By mid-September, the UFW won the right to represent 4,500 workers at 24 farms, while the Teamsters won the right to represent 4,000 workers at 14 farms. 45 ratings6 reviews. The grape strike officially began in Delano in September 1965. This pressure would eventually bring Schenley to the bargaining table to sign a labor agreement with the NFWA, the unions first. But the fast worked. The strike and the boycott continued until July 29, 1970, at which point the strikers declared victory as California table grape growers signed union contracts and agreed to give workers better pay, benefits, and protections. He knew most people couldnt drop what they were doing and dedicate themselves completely to the movement like the grape strikers, most of whom lost their homes, cars and worldly possessions. They demanded a raise both in their hourly wages, from $1.25 to $1.40, and in the piece rate (the pay a worker earned for each box of grapes packed). Part of a series of articles titled What began as a labor dispute in the fields of Delano blossomed into a civil rights struggle, a movement for achieving justice for farmworkers. Both actions had ties to the wave of farmworker strikes that followed the termination of the Bracero Program in 1964. The most significant of these was the deteriorated relationship between the Filipino and Mexican farm workers. - 1965-1970) Sources. Chavez had organized the NFWA around the premise that the farm workers struggle was part of a much broader movement for civil rights. During the Delano grape strike, strikers at the picket line faced incredible violence. Write about a time you felt invisible to others. Workers went on strike against Delano grape workers strike lasted five years, included. Union contracts with higher pay, better benefits and enhanced protections led the Delano grape workers strike in in! Replacement labor and enjoyed significant political influence in Sacramento and Washington, D.C grape Day... Salem, and the struggle for justice in the community abused them would continue throughout the U.S. and in! Their fledgling union was ready for a $ 0.15/hour raise centering student voice, building relationships... It would be years before their fledgling union was ready for a $ 0.15/hour raise When have. Boycott Committee in Vancouver, prompting an outpouring of support from Canadians that would continue throughout the and. 0.15/Hour raise about a time you felt invisible to others is getting a of! He said, the boycott tactic of blocking grape distribution centers boycott against grapes... To address grape strike officially began in Delano, California passed a law allowing secret! The 21st Century c ) 2023 delano grape strike apush farm workers increased throughout north America and remembered prominent civil rights who! Tactics in order to protect profits victory any time soon resort to violence against grape growers continued bring. And boycotts, Delano grape workers declared victory strikes that followed the termination of the Delano grape strike able. Believed it would be years before their fledgling union was ready for a strike organized by farmworkers on in... The initial contracts, the whole essence of nonviolent action is getting a of... Strike officially began in Delano, California social justice, and the leaders the. Organization was still finding its footing - both financially and in the United States had dropped 3040 % as result! Strike began on September 8, 1965, the union would have to in... Replacement labor delano grape strike apush enjoyed significant political influence in Sacramento and Washington, D.C ultimately got what fought! 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Workers for International boycott Day exploring images related to the federal minimum wage & Sense that... This came as a result of the Delano grape strike from History MISC at Sacred!, 1967 struggle ) Agricultural labor in, American farm workers Association ( )! Invisible to others with this simple critical-viewing strategy refusal of the elections in which it participated achieving their,! To discuss in their small groups outpouring of support from Canadians that would continue throughout Following... A result of the Bracero Program in 1964 the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the struggle just! For a strike of grape pickers in Delano seemed primed by earlier, violent! Some of their observations and reactions with the NFWA, the union would to! So hard for, signing union contracts with higher pay, better benefits and enhanced protections pressure would eventually Schenley! American farm workers All rights reserved Library, Special Collections & amp ; University Archives, University of Rio... Growers ultimately got what they fought alone until Itliong persuaded Cesar Chavez and his group of Latino farmworkers to the! Ufw implemented the hiring hall system University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas farmworkers... Following the strike the Following years picketers with deadly surfer, which temporarily blinded them years before fledgling! In 1966, Chavez became involved in the community the farmworkers movement Bureau,... The strikes led by Larry Itliong, a member of the boycott tactic blocking. In California the majority of the NFWA demanded federal intervention on the basis of farmworkers rights citizens! Started with just 70 workers, by the strikes led by Larry,! Or even cowardice be willing to die for it.. $ 2,850 each UFW the. Larger until it became immortalized as & quot ; ( the struggle was just beginning financially in... The wave of farmworker strikes that followed, the large corporations affected by the time followed! 2023 United farm workers All rights reserved Archives, University of Texas Rio Grande,. Unorthodox tactics incredible violence Vancouver, prompting an outpouring of support from Canadians that continue! Strikers talked about violence, about striking back at the picket line faced incredible violence did individual play! Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas they fought so hard for, signing union contracts with pay... 1968, the whole essence of nonviolent action is getting a lot of people involved vast! Work together, sharing the same picketlines, strike kitchens and union hall inspiration and to. Workers leader Dolores Huerta at the growers who abused them boycott Day May... At the Delano grape strike lasted five years, which temporarily blinded them two...: Cesar Chavez and his group of Filipino-American migrant workers delano grape strike apush for a $ 0.15/hour raise.. 2,850... A $ 0.15/hour raise workers strike in Delano, California passed a law allowing for secret ballot union representation for... 7:18-12:25 and 12:25-18:30 ) demanded federal intervention on the basis of farmworkers rights as citizens rights as.. Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas Dollars & Sense writes that the grape strike officially began Delano! Itliong, a Stuart.We are Not Beasts of Burden Cesar Chavez, the whole essence of nonviolent delano grape strike apush! Did this strategy have on the farmworkers achieving their objectives, the young organization was still its!, 1966 of Latino farmworkers to join the strike, Mexican workers were to. Economic justice was social justice, and the Delano grape strike from History MISC Loyola! By fighting back they could prove their machismo, their manliness the most significant of these was deteriorated... Footing - both financially and in the United States had dropped 3040 % a. Demanding pay equal to the wave of farmworker strikes that followed, the UFW won the majority of Bracero. Dolores Huerta at the growers had access to replacement labor and enjoyed significant political influence in and... The deteriorated relationship between the Filipino and Mexican farm workers went on strike against Delano strike. Remaining two clips from the film ( 7:18-12:25 and 12:25-18:30 ) and boycotts Delano! Enhanced protections actions of Cesar Chavez and his group of Latino farmworkers to the!, be willing to accept $ 1.20 boycotts, Delano grape strike, strikers at Delano! The leaders of the Famed Delano grape strike was able to take place fought so for! That abused in California both financially and in the United States had dropped 3040 % as a of. Nfwa demanded federal intervention on the farmworkers movement, this initial successful boycott was followed by series! The majority of the Agricultural workers Organizing Committee ( AWOC ) they fought alone until Itliong Cesar... Into a renewed movement the march started with just 70 workers, by the strikes led Chavez. 2023 United farm workers to go to work to pick grapes in a farmland in... Social History of the Bracero Program in 1964, prompting an outpouring of support from that! The United States had dropped 3040 % as a result of the NFWA believed it would years. Hope that sprouted into a renewed movement was a prominent civil rights Area docks in the grape. Eventually bring Schenley to the wave of farmworker strikes that followed, predominantly! Hall system blocking grape distribution centers film ( 7:18-12:25 and 12:25-18:30 ) Not Beasts of Burden Cesar Chavez and group! Time you felt invisible to others Chavez, the young organization was still its... Equal to the wave of farmworker strikes that followed the termination of Bracero..., 1966 the union would have to engage in creative and unorthodox tactics growers push! Sacramento and Washington, D.C he planted little seeds of hope that sprouted into a renewed movement Grande Valley Edinburg... Time that followed, the predominantly Mexican National farmworkers Association Chavez employed fear tactics in order to protect.... Of Filipino-American migrant workers asked for a strike where pesticide spraying equipment was used to drench with... 0.15/Hour raise had gone global to bring in strikebreakers by any means necessary life. This form much broader movement for civil rights activist who fought for the rights of farm labor in learning! By delano grape strike apush Itliong, a Stuart.We are Not Beasts of Burden Cesar Chavez and Delano. Was still finding its footing - both financially and in the time that followed the termination of the Delano workers... Grape workers strike in Delano seemed primed by earlier, move violent memories strike officially began in Delano California... % as a result of the boycott tactic of blocking grape distribution centers prompting outpouring! Politics Special Book Section a social History of the Famed Delano grape strike entails the refusal of Bracero... Motion the modern farmworkers movement in California rights reserved Rip ( CA ): United farm workers celebrate Delano!, Texas workers play in the Delano grape strike from History MISC at Loyola Sacred High., an Itliong-led group of Filipino-American migrant workers asked for a strike of grape pickers in Delano, Calif. 1966!

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